Numbers and Strings

Number and Strings

This folder contains examples and explanations related to numbers and strings in Python. It covers basic operations, methods, and concepts related to working with numbers and strings.

Numbers

In Python, numbers can be represented as integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers. Here are some basic operations and concepts related to numbers:

• Integer: Whole numbers without any decimal point.
• Float: Numbers with decimal points or numbers written in scientific notation.
• Complex: Numbers with a real and imaginary part, represented as a + bj, where a is the real part, b is the imaginary part, and j is the imaginary unit.

Basic Operations

Python supports various arithmetic operations for numbers, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and modulus. Here are some examples:

# Addition
result = 5 + 3
print(result)  # Output: 8

# Multiplication
result = 5 * 3
print(result)  # Output: 15

# Division
result = 10 / 2
print(result)  # Output: 5.0 (always returns a float)

# Exponentiation
result = 2 ** 3
print(result)  # Output: 8

# Modulus (remainder)
result = 10 % 3
print(result)  # Output: 1

Additional Methods and Functions

Python provides built-in functions and methods for performing various operations on numbers. Here are some commonly used methods:

• abs(): Returns the absolute value of a number.
• round(): Rounds a floating-point number to the nearest integer.
• int(), float(), complex(): Converts a value to the specified numeric type.

# Absolute value
result = abs(-10)
print(result)  # Output: 10

# Round
result = round(3.14159, 2)
print(result)  # Output: 3.14

# Conversion
result = int(3.7)
print(result)  # Output: 3

Strings

Strings in Python are sequences of characters enclosed within single quotes (') or double quotes ("). Here are some basic operations and methods related to strings:

Basic Operations

Python supports various operations for manipulating strings, including concatenation, repetition, slicing, and indexing. Here are some examples:

# Concatenation
result = "Hello, " + "World!"
print(result)  # Output: Hello, World!

# Repetition
result = "Python " * 3
print(result)  # Output: Python Python Python

# Slicing
text = "Python"
print(text[0])    # Output: P (indexing)
print(text[1:4])  # Output: yth (slicing)

Additional Methods

Python provides built-in methods for performing various operations on strings. Here are some commonly used methods:

• len(): Returns the length of a string.
• upper(), lower(): Converts a string to uppercase or lowercase.
• strip(): Removes leading and trailing whitespace from a string.

# Length of string
text = "Python"
result = len(text)
print(result)  # Output: 6

# Uppercase and lowercase
text = "Python"
result = text.upper()
print(result)  # Output: PYTHON

# Strip whitespace
text = "   Python   "
result = text.strip()
print(result)  # Output: Python

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• Methods in Strings

Other useful links

• W3Schools
• Exercise